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Compare Svalbard (2001) - Norfolk Island (2007)
Compare Svalbard (2001) z Norfolk Island (2007)
| Svalbard (2001) | Norfolk Island (2007) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | none (territory of Australia) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
0-14 years: 20.2%
15-64 years: 63.9% 65 years and over: 15.9% (2007 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry |
| Airports | 4 (2000 est.) | 1 (2007) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
3 under 914 m: 3 (2000 est.) |
- |
| Area | total:
62,049 sq km land: 62,049 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island) |
total: 34.6 sq km
land: 34.6 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than West Virginia | about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory. | Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population | NA |
| Budget | revenues:
$11.5 million expenditures: $11.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.) |
revenues: $4.6 million
expenditures: $4.8 million (FY99/00) |
| Capital | Longyearbyen | name: Kingston
geographic coordinates: 29 03 S, 167 58 E time difference: UTC+11.5 (16.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Climate | arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year | subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation |
| Coastline | 3,587 km | 32 km |
| Constitution | - | Norfolk Island Act of 1979, as amended in 2005 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen) |
conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island
conventional short form: Norfolk Island |
| Currency | Norwegian krone (NOK) | - |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population | NA |
| Debt - external | - | $NA |
| Dependency status | territory of Norway; administered by the Ministry of Industry, Oslo, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was given to Norway | self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Transport and Regional Services |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | - | none (territory of Australia) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | - | none (territory of Australia) |
| Disputes - international | focus of a maritime boundary dispute between Norway and Russia | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $8.2 million from Norway (1998) | $NA |
| Economy - overview | Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some trapping of seal, polar bear, fox, and walrus. | Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | NA kWh |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | NA kWh |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
- |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Arctic Ocean 0 m highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mount Bates 319 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | NA |
| Ethnic groups | Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998) | descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesian |
| Exchange rates | Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 8.7784 (January 2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999), 7.5451 (1998), 7.0734 (1997), 6.4498 (1996) | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991) head of government: Governor Morten RUUD (since NA November 1998) and Assistant Governor Odd Redar HUMLEGAARD (since NA) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by the Australian governor general
head of government: Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003) cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia |
| Exports | $NA | $1.5 million f.o.b. (FY91/92) |
| Exports - commodities | - | postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados |
| Exports - partners | - | Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2006) |
| Fiscal year | - | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | the flag of Norway is used | three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $NA | - |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $NA | - |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | - |
| Geographic coordinates | 78 00 N, 20 00 E | 29 02 S, 167 57 E |
| Geography - note | northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area | most of the 32 km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated |
| Highways | total:
NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km |
- |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
- |
| Imports | $NA | $17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92) |
| Imports - commodities | - | NA |
| Imports - partners | - | Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2006) |
| Independence | none (territory of Norway) | none (territory of Australia) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | - |
| Industries | - | tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete |
| Infant mortality rate | NA deaths/1,000 live births | total: NA
male: NA female: NA |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA% | - |
| International organization participation | none | UPU |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 13 (Svalbard and Jan Mayen) (2000) | - |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA |
| Judicial branch | - | Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions |
| Labor force | NA | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | agriculture: 10%
industry and services: 90% |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005) |
| Languages | Russian, Norwegian | English (official), Norfolk - a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian |
| Legal system | NA | based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law |
| Legislative branch | - | unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; to serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
NA years male: NA years female: NA years |
total population: NA
male: NA female: NA |
| Literacy | - | NA |
| Location | Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway | Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia |
| Map references | Arctic Region | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia territorial sea: 4 NM |
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) | - |
| Military - note | demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920) | defense is the responsibility of Australia |
| National holiday | NA | Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856) |
| Nationality | - | noun: Norfolk Islander(s)
adjective: Norfolk Islander(s) |
| Natural hazards | ice floes often block up the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic | typhoons (especially May to July) |
| Natural resources | coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish | fish |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population | NA |
| Political parties and leaders | - | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | none |
| Population | 2,332 (July 2001 est.) | 2,114 (July 2007 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | - |
| Population growth rate | -3.55% (2001 est.) | 0.006% (2007 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden | - |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005) |
| Radios | NA | - |
| Railways | 0 km | - |
| Religions | - | Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.2%, none 18.1% (2001 census) |
| Sex ratio | - | NA |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
probably adequate domestic: local telephone service international: satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only) |
general assessment: adequate
domestic: free local calls international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA | 2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | 0; note - proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum (2002) |
| Television broadcast stations | NA | 1 (local programming station plus 2 repeaters that air Australian programs by satellite) (2005) |
| Terrain | wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts | volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman | NA |
| Waterways | none | - |
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